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John Stow’s Spittle Fields, 1598

June 5, 2014
by the gentle author

To pass the time while awaiting the arrival of Bob Mazzer’s Underground from the printers for next week’s launch on Thursday 12th June, I visited the Bishopsgate Institute yesterday to study the 1599 copy of John Stow‘s Survey Of London.

It was touching to see the edition that John Stow himself produced, with its delicate type resembling gothic script, and sobering to recognise what a great undertaking it was to publish a book four hundred years ago – requiring every page of type to be set and printed by hand.

Born into a family of tallow chandlers, John Stow became a tailor yet devoted his life to writing and publishing, including an early edition of the works of Geoffrey Chaucer who had lived nearby in Aldgate more than a century earlier. In Stow’s lifetime, the population of London quadrupled and much of the city he knew as a youth was demolished and rebuilt, inspiring him to write and publish his great work – a Survey  that would record this change for posterity. Consequently, on the title page of the Survey, Stow outlines his intention to include “the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Modern estate and description of that citie.”

Yet in contrast to the dramatic changes he witnessed at first hand, John Stow also described his wonder at the history that was uncovered by the redevelopment, drawing consolation in setting his life’s experience against the great age of  the city and the generations who preceded him in London .

SPITTLE FIELDS

There is a large close called Tasell close sometime, for that there were Tasels planted for the vse of Clothworkers: since letten to the Crosse-bow-makers, wherein they vsed to shoote for games at the Popingey: now the same being inclosed with a bricke wall, serueth to be an Artillerieyard, wherevnto the Gunners of the Tower doe weekely repaire, namely euerie Thursday, and there leuelling certaine Brasse peeces of great Artillerie against a But of earth, made for that purpose, they discharge them for their exercise.

Then haue ye the late dissolued Priorie and Hospitall, commonly called Saint Marie Spittle, founded by Walter Brune, and Rosia his wife, for Canons regular, Walter Archdeacon of London laid the first stone, in the yeare 1197.

On the East side of this Churchyard lieth a large field, of olde time called Lolesworth, now Spittle field, which about the yeare 1576 was broken vp for Clay to make Bricke, in the digging whereof many earthen pots called Vrnae, were found full of Ashes, and burnt bones of men, to wit, of the Romanes that inhabited here: for it was the custome of the Romanes to burne their dead, to put their Ashes in an Vrna, and then burie the same with certaine ceremonies, in some field appoynted for that purpose, neare vnto their Citie: euerie of these pots had in them with the Ashes of the dead, one peece of Copper mony, with the inscription of the Emperour then raigning: some of them were of Claudius, some of Vespasian, some of Nero, of Anthonius Pius, of Traianus, and others: besides those Vrnas, many other pots were there found, made of a white earth with long necks, and handels, like to our stone Iugges: these were emptie, but seemed to be buried ful of some liquid matter long since consumed and soaked through: for there were found diuerse vials and other fashioned Glasses, some most cunningly wrought, such as I haue not seene the like, and some of Christall, all which had water in them, northing differing in clearnes, taste, or sauour from common spring water, what so euer it was at the first: some of these Glasses had Oyle in them verie thicke, and earthie in sauour, some were supposed to haue balme in them, but had lost the vertue: many of those pots and glasses were broken in cutting of the clay, so that few were taken vp whole.

There were also found diuerse dishes and cups of a fine red coloured earth, which shewed outwardly such a shining smoothnesse, as if they had beene of Currall, those had in the bottomes Romane letters printed, there were also lampes of white earth and red, artificially wrought with diuerse antiques about them, some three or foure Images made of white earth, about a span long each of them: one I remember was of Pallas, the rest I haue forgotten.I my selfe haue reserued a mongst diuerse of those antiquities there, one Vrna, with the Ashes and bones, and one pot of white earth very small, not exceeding the quantitie of a quarter of a wine pint, made in shape of a Hare, squatted vpon her legs, and betweene her eares is the mouth of the pot.

There hath also beene found in the same field diuers coffins of stone, containing the bones of men: these I suppose to bee the burials of some especiall persons, in time of the Brytons, or Saxons, after that the Romanes had left to gouerne here. Moreouer there were also found the sculs and bones of men without coffins, or rather whose coffins (being of great timber) were consumed. Diuerse great nailes of Iron were there found, such as are vsed in the wheeles of shod Carts, being each of them as bigge as a mans finger, and a quarter of a yard long, the heades two inches ouer, those nayles were more wondred at then the rest of thinges there found, and many opinions of men were there vttred of them, namely that the men there buried were murdered by driuing those nayles into their heads, a thing vnlikely, for a smaller naile would more aptly serue to so bad a purpose, and a more secret place would lightly be imployed for their buriall.

And thus much for this part of Bishopsgate warde, without the gate.

IMG_7266

A copper coin from the Spitalfields Roman Cemetery that I wear around my neck

Bishopsgate Ward entry by John Stow in his Survey of London

Monument to John Stow in St Andrew Undershaft

Archive images courtesy Bishopsgate Institute

Photograph of Stow’s monument copyright © Colin O’Brien

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10 Responses leave one →
  1. Stephen Barker permalink
    June 5, 2014

    Interesting to read of the growth of London four centuries ago and the pressure to rebuild the city, in ties in with your blog earlier this week about buildings lost and under threat from redevelopment the city.

  2. Rosemary Hoffman permalink
    June 5, 2014

    fascinating .

  3. June 5, 2014

    They TASTED the liquid in the Roman bottles!!!!!!
    wow, in so many ways, wow

  4. Rick Armier permalink
    June 5, 2014

    This passage….

    “drawing consolation in setting his life’s experience against the great age of  the city and the generations who preceded him in London”

    …. is a gemstone, and articulates beautifully what I too feel for the capital but never knew how to express.

    Thanks GA, another wee gemstone.

  5. Barbara White permalink
    June 5, 2014

    I want to say thank you for all these wonderful items you introduce here. My mother was from East Ham and I went to college in Moorgate in the 70s. I worked in Bishopsgate as a secretary in a Commodity Brokers in the early 80s as well as at various other jobs in the City for 10 years. Even though I knew there was history all around me, I am amazed at the levels of industry you find and thrilled that there are still people practicing their skills. I have great respect for what you are doing and you make it a pleasure to read every morning, unlike the newspapers.

  6. June 5, 2014

    I love old books — they will be for ever and never pass into nothingness …!

    Love & Peace
    ACHIM

  7. Walter Blackstock permalink
    June 5, 2014

    The printers’ colophons interest me: usually very specific as to where the book might be sold – in this case ‘his shop within the Popes head Alley in Lombard street’.

    One I found recently was in a book ‘Printed by Thomas Milbourn, for the Author, and are to be sold at his House next Door to the Gun in Little Moorfields ; by D. Newman at the King’s-Arms in the Poultry, and W. Cooper at the Pelican in Little Britain’. What better way to find your bookseller, settle the price, and then talk books over some ale!

  8. Sonia Murray permalink
    June 5, 2014

    A fascinating article about the Roman cemetery and the grave goods our ancestors found in it! I wonder if a thousand years from now, our modern cemeteries will be archeological digs, and our descendants will cherish the things they find, as you now lovingly wear the ancient copper coin!

  9. June 5, 2014

    Historians of those days are no different from today. 400 hundred years from today people would marvel at our history and would probably be as quaint to them as the 15th century were quaint to us. The people in the future would also probably be as nostalgic as we are.

  10. david b permalink
    June 5, 2014

    can anyone tell us what the stone (presumably marble) that has been used to create the john stow statue? a miraculous piece almost of a piece.

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